Describe the composition and functions of the Election Commission of India.

The Election Commission of India is a constitutional body responsible for administering elections in the country. It is a permanent and independent body that was established by the Constitution of India in 1950.

The Election Commission is headed by a Chief Election Commissioner, who is appointed by the President of India. Currently, there are two other Election Commissioners who assist the Chief Election Commissioner in the discharge of their duties. The Chief Election Commissioner and the two Election Commissioners are appointed for a term of six years, or until they reach the age of 65, whichever is earlier.

The main functions of the Election Commission of India are:

• To conduct free and fair elections to the offices of the President, Vice President, and the members of the Parliament and the state legislatures.

• To prepare and update the electoral rolls for all parliamentary and assembly constituencies.

• To issue rules and instructions for the conduct of elections, including the reservation of seats for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes.

• To appoint and remove electoral registration officers and other officers and staff necessary for the conduct of elections.

• To enforce the provisions of the Representation of the People Act and the rules and regulations made thereunder.

• To decide disputes and complaints related to the conduct of elections.

• To advise the President and the Governors of the states on all matters relating to elections.

• To perform such other functions as may be prescribed by law.

In summary, the Election Commission of India is responsible for ensuring the smooth and fair conduct of elections in the country, from the preparation of electoral rolls to the declaration of results.